mysql中表单查询用到select命令了,如果是多表查询我们用很多方法,如select union与left join之类的联合查询了,下面我给各位mysql初学者来介绍sql查询示例。
一、简单查询.
基本语法:SELECT * FROM tb_name;
查询全部:SELECT field1,field2 FROM tb_name;
投影代码如下:
SELECT [DISTINCT] * FROM tb_name WHERE qualification;
选择说明:FROM子句:要查询的关系 表、多个表、其它SELECT语句
WHERE子句:布尔关系表达式,主要包含如下这几类表达式:
- 比较:=、>、>=、<=、<
- 逻辑关系:
- AND
- OR
- NOT
-
- BETWEEN ... AND ... :在两个值之间
- LIKE ‘’
- %: 任意长度任意字符
- _:任意单个字符
- REGEXP, RLIKE :正则表达式,此时索引无效
- IN
- IS NULL
- IS NOT NULL
如下查询本博客的wp-links和wp_posts表,代码如下:
- mysql> select * from wp_links; 查询全部 mysql> select link_name,link_url from wp_links; 投影
- +
- | link_name | link_url |
- +
- | 旺旺腾讯微博 | http://www.phpfensi.com |
- | 旺旺新浪微博 | http://weibo.com/gz100ww |
- | 51CTO技术博客 | http://www.phpfensi.com/ |
- +
- 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-
- mysql> select ID,post_title,post_date from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish';选择
- +
- | ID | post_title | post_date |
- +
- | 1291 | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之三 | 2013-08-29 17:21:27 |
- | 1298 | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之四 | 2013-08-29 17:22:33 |
- | 1351 | 【转】XenDesktop 5.5+vSphere 5创建虚拟机报错 | 2013-09-04 17:41:26 |
- | 1357 | linux下强大的网络工具Netcat | 2013-09-09 22:26:45 |
- | 1360 | MySQL常用命令、技巧和注意事项 | 2013-09-20 11:04:15 |
- | 1369 | 【转】数据库设计原理知识
- | 1379 | MySQL基本SQL语句之常用管理SQL | 2013-09-21 12:39:23 |
- +
- 7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
对查询结果排序:ORDER BY field_name {ASC|DESC},代码如下:
- mysql> select ID,post_title,post_date from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish' ORDER by ID;
-
- ##升序,ID是排序的字段
-
- mysql> select ID,post_title,post_date from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish' ORDER by ID DESC;
-
- ##降序
- 字段别名:AS
- select col_name AS COL_Aliases … :对字段使用别名
select col_name,… from tb_name AS tb_Aliases …:对表使用别名,如下:
- mysql> select post_title AS 文章标题 from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish';
- +
- | 文章标题 |
- +
- | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之三 |
- | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之四 |
- | 【转】XenDesktop 5.5+vSphere 5创建虚拟机报错 |
- | linux下强大的网络工具Netcat |
- | MySQL常用命令、技巧和注意事项 |
- | 【转】数据库设计原理知识
- | MySQL基本SQL语句之常用管理SQL |
- +
- 7 rows in set (0.02 sec)
-
- ##还可以这样:
-
- 代码如下 复制代码
- mysql> select 3+2 AS SUM;
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- | SUM |
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- | 5 |
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- 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
LIMIT子句:LIMIT [offset,]Count,代码如下:
- mysql> select ID,post_title,post_date from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish' limit 5;
- +
- | ID | post_title | post_date |
- +
- | 1291 | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之三 | 2013-08-29 17:21:27 |
- | 1298 | 【转】HP 3PAR存储概念之四 | 2013-08-29 17:22:33 |
- | 1351 | 【转】XenDesktop 5.5+vSphere 5创建虚拟机报错 | 2013-09-04 17:41:26 |
- | 1357 | linux下强大的网络工具Netcat | 2013-09-09 22:26:45 |
- | 1360 | MySQL常用命令、技巧和注意事项 | 2013-09-20 11:04:15 |
- +
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
-
- mysql> select ID,post_title,post_date from wp_posts where ID>1290 and post_status='publish' limit 2,3; ##红色部分(逗号前的数字)表示偏移量
- +
- | ID | post_title | post_date |
- +
- | 1351 | 【转】XenDesktop 5.5+vSphere 5创建虚拟机报错 | 2013-09-04 17:41:26 |
- | 1357 | linux下强大的网络工具Netcat | 2013-09-09 22:26:45 |
- | 1360 | MySQL常用命令、技巧和注意事项 | 2013-09-20 11:04:15 |
- +
- 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
聚合:SUM(), MIN(), MAX(), AVG(), COUNT(),括号中为字段名
mysql> select sum(ID) from wp_posts;计算和
mysql> select min(ID) from wp_posts;查早最小的
mysql> select max(ID) from wp_posts; 查找最大的
mysql> select avg(ID) from wp_posts; 平均值
mysql> select count(ID) from wp_posts;计数
分组:GROUP BY,一般配合聚合运算使用,如下:
- mysql> select count(post_status) AS 各状态数量,post_status AS 状态名称 from wp_posts group by post_status;
- +
- | 各状态数量 | 状态名称 |
- +
- | 1 | auto-draft |
- | 9 | draft |
- | 251 | inherit |
- | 238 | publish |
- | 2 | trash |
- +
- 5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
注意:可以使用HAVING qualification将GROUP BY的结果再次过滤,用法同where.
二、多表查询
连接:
交叉连接:笛卡尔乘积
自然连接:将两张表某字段中相等连接起来,代码如下:
- mysql> SELECT students.Name,students.Age,courses.Cname,students.Gender FROM students,courses WHERE students.CID1 = courses.CID;
- +
- | Name | Age | Cname | Gender |
- +
- | GuoJing | 19 | TaiJiquan | M |
- | YangGuo | 17 | TaiJiquan | M |
- | DingDian | 25 | Qishangquan | M |
- | HuFei | 31 | Wanliduxing | M |
- | HuangRong | 16 | Qianzhuwandushou | F |
- | YueLingshang | 18 | Wanliduxing | F |
- | ZhangWuji | 20 | Hamagong | M |
- | Xuzhu | 26 | TaiJiquan | M |
- +
- 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
外连接:
左外连接:left_tb LEFT JOIN right_tb ON ...:以左表为标准,代码如下:
- mysql> SELECT s.Name,c.Cname FROM students AS s LEFT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;
- +
- | Name | Cname |
- +
- | GuoJing | TaiJiquan |
- | YangGuo | TaiJiquan |
- | DingDian | Qishangquan |
- | HuFei | Wanliduxing |
- | HuangRong | Qianzhuwandushou |
- | YueLingshang | Wanliduxing |
- | ZhangWuji | Hamagong |
- | Xuzhu | TaiJiquan |
- | LingHuchong | NULL |
- | YiLin | NULL |
- +
- 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
右外连接:left_tb RIGHT JOIN right_tb ON ...:以右表为标准,代码如下:
- mysql> SELECT s.Name,c.Cname FROM students AS s RIGHT JOIN courses AS c ON s.CID1=c.CID;
- +
- | Name | Cname |
- +
- | GuoJing | TaiJiquan |
- | YangGuo | TaiJiquan |
- | DingDian | Qishangquan |
- | HuFei | Wanliduxing |
- | HuangRong | Qianzhuwandushou |
- | YueLingshang | Wanliduxing |
- | ZhangWuji | Hamagong |
- | Xuzhu | TaiJiquan |
- | NULL | Yiyangzhi |
- | NULL | Jinshejianfa |
- | NULL | Qiankundanuoyi |
- | NULL | Pixiejianfa |
- | NULL | Jiuyinbaiguzhua |
- +
- 13 rows in set (0.01 sec)
自连接:本表中不同字段间进行连接,代码如下:
- mysql> SELECT c.Name AS student,s.Name AS teacher FROM students AS c,students AS s WHERE c.TID=s.SID;
- +
- | student | teacher |
- +
- | GuoJing | DingDian |
- | YangGuo | GuoJing |
- | DingDian | ZhangWuji |
- | HuFei | HuangRong |
- | HuangRong | LingHuchong |
- +
- 5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
注意:使用了别名
三、子查询:一个查询中嵌套另外一个查询
如下,在students表中查询年龄大于平均年龄的学生,代码如下:
- mysql> SELECT Name,Age FROM students WHERE Age > (SELECT AVG(Age) FROM students);
- +
- | Name | Age |
- +
- | DingDian | 25 |
- | HuFei | 31 |
- | Xuzhu | 26 |
- | LingHuchong | 22 |
- +
- 4 rows in set (0.08 sec)
子查询注意事项:
■比较操作中使用子查询:子查询只能返回单个值;
■IN():使用子查询;
■在FROM中使用子查询;
联合查询:UNION,将两个查询的结果合并,代码如下:
- mysql> (SELECT Name,Age FROM students) UNION (SELECT Tname,Age FROM tutors);
- +--------------+------+
- | Name | Age |
- +--------------+------+
- | GuoJing | 19 |
- | YangGuo | 17 |
- | DingDian | 25 |
- | HuFei | 31 |
- | HuangRong | 16 |
- | YueLingshang | 18 |
- | ZhangWuji | 20 |
- | HuYidao | 42 |
- | NingZhongze | 49 |
- +--------------+------+
- 19 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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